English

MEG-XL: Data-Efficient Brain-to-Text via Long-Context Pre-Training

Machine Learning 2026-05-12 v2 Neurons and Cognition

Abstract

Clinical brain-to-text interfaces are designed for paralysed patients who cannot provide extensive training recordings. Pre-training improves data-efficient generalisation by learning statistical priors across subjects, but these priors critically depend on context. While natural speech might unfold gradually over minutes, most methods pre-train with only a few seconds of context. Thus, we propose MEG-XL, a model pre-trained with 2.5 minutes of MEG context per sample, 5-300x longer than prior work, and equivalent to 191k tokens, capturing extended neural context. Fine-tuning on the task of word decoding from brain data, MEG-XL matches supervised performance with a fraction of the data (e.g. 1hr vs 50hrs) and outperforms brain foundation models. We find that models pre-trained with longer contexts learn representations that transfer better to word decoding. Our results indicate that long-context pre-training helps exploit extended neural context that other methods unnecessarily discard. Code, model weights, and instructions are available at https://github.com/neural-processing-lab/MEG-XL .

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.02494,
  title  = {MEG-XL: Data-Efficient Brain-to-Text via Long-Context Pre-Training},
  author = {Dulhan Jayalath and Oiwi Parker Jones},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.02494},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Published as a conference paper at ICML 2026. 19 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:32:33.925Z