Mean velocity profile in stably stratified turbulent channel flow

The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) is a cornerstone of atmospheric science for describing turbulence in stable boundary layers. Extending MOST to stably stratified turbulent channel flows, however, is non-trivial due to confinement by solid walls and the much smaller turbulent length scales involved. In this study, we investigate the applicability of MOST in closed channels and identify where and to what extent the theory remains valid. A key finding is that the ratio of the half-channel height to the Obukhov length serves as a governing parameter for identifying distinct flow regions and determining the scaling of the mean velocity within them. Hence, we propose a closure relation to estimate this ratio directly from the governing input parameters: friction Reynolds and friction Richardson numbers ($Re_{\tau}$ and $Ri_{\tau}$). The framework is tested against a series of direct numerical simulations (DNS) across a range of $Re_{\tau}$ and $Ri_{\tau}$. The reconstructed velocity profiles enable accurate prediction of the skin friction coefficient crucial for quantifying pressure losses in stratified flows in engineering applications.