Maximal estimates for the Weyl sums on $\mathbb{T}^{d}$ (with an appendix by Alex Barron)

In this paper, we obtain the maximal estimate for the Weyl sums on the torus $\mathbb{T}^d$ with $d\geq 2$, which is sharp up to the endpoint. We also consider two variants of this problem which include the maximal estimate along the rational lines and on the generic torus. Applications, which include some new upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the sets associated to the large value of the Weyl sums, reflect the compound phenomenon between the square root cancellation and the constructive interference. In the Appendix, an alternate proof of Theorem 1.1 inspired by Baker's argument in [1] is given by Barron, which also improves the $N^{\epsilon}$ loss in Theorem 1.1, and the Strichartz-type estimates for the Weyl sums with logarithmic losses are obtained by the same argument.