Many-body delocalization with a two-dimensional 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator
Abstract
Quantum many-body systems with sufficiently strong disorder can exhibit a non-equilibrium phenomenon, known as the many-body localization (MBL), which is distinct from conventional thermalization. While the MBL regime has been extensively studied in one dimension, its existence in higher dimensions remains elusive, challenged by the avalanche instability. Here, using a 70-qubit two-dimensional (2D) superconducting quantum simulator, we experimentally explore the robustness of the MBL regime in controlled finite-size 2D systems. We observe that the decay of imbalance becomes more pronounced with increasing system sizes, scaling up from 21, 42 to 70 qubits, with a relatively large disorder strength, and for the first time, provide an evidence for the many-body delocalization in 2D disordered systems. Our experimental results are consistent with the avalanche theory that predicts the instability of MBL regime beyond one spatial dimension. This work establishes a scalable platform for probing high-dimensional non-equilibrium phases of matter and their finite-size effects using superconducting quantum circuits.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2507.16882,
title = {Many-body delocalization with a two-dimensional 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator},
author = {Tian-Ming Li and Zheng-Hang Sun and Yun-Hao Shi and Zhen-Ting Bao and Yong-Yi Wang and Jia-Chi Zhang and Yu Liu and Cheng-Lin Deng and Yi-Han Yu and Zheng-He Liu and Chi-Tong Chen and Li Li and Hao Li and Hao-Tian Liu and Si-Yun Zhou and Zhen-Yu Peng and Yan-Jun Liu and Ziting Wang and Yue-Shan Xu and Kui Zhao and Yang He and Da'er Feng and Jia-Cheng Song and Cai-Ping Fang and Junrui Deng and Mingyu Xu and Yu-Tao Chen and Bozhen zhou and Gui-Han Liang and Zhong-Cheng Xiang and Guangming Xue and Dongning Zheng and Kaixuan Huang and Zheng-An Wang and Haifeng Yu and Piotr Sierant and Kai Xu and Heng Fan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.16882},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
main text: 7 pages, 3 figures; supplementary information: 19 pages, 17 figures