English

Magnetic tunnel junction as a real-time entropy source: Field-Programmable Gate Array based random bit generation without post-processing

Applied Physics 2026-01-13 v1 Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Abstract

We demonstrate a method to generate application-ready truly random bits from a magnetic tunnel junction driven by a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We implement a real-time feedback loop that stabilizes the switching probability near 50\% and apply an XOR operation, both on the FPGA, to suppress short-term correlations, together mitigating long-term drift and bias in the bitstream. This combined approach enables NIST-compliant random bit generation at 5~Mb/s without post-processing, providing a practical hardware solution for fast and reliable true random number generation. Beyond cryptographic applications, these capabilities open opportunities for stochastic hardware accelerators, probabilistic computing, and large-scale modeling where real-time access to unbiased randomness is essential.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.20735,
  title  = {Magnetic tunnel junction as a real-time entropy source: Field-Programmable Gate Array based random bit generation without post-processing},
  author = {Troy Criss and Ahmed Sidi El Valli and Naomi Li and Andrew Haas and Andrew D. Kent},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.20735},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

7 pages 6 figures and 1 table

R2 v1 2026-07-01T07:02:29.845Z