Magnetic Properties of NbSi2N4, VSi2N4, and VSi2P4 Monolayers

The recent demonstration of MoSi2N4 and its exceptional stability to air, water, acid, and heat has generated intense interest in this family of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Among these materials, NbSi2N4, VSi2N4, and VSi2P4 are semiconducting, easy-plane ferromagnets with negligible in-plane magnetic anisotropy. They thus satisfy a necessary condition for exhibiting a dissipationless spin superfluid mode. The Curie temperatures of monolayer VSi2P4 and VSi2N4 are determined to be above room temperature based on Monte Carlo and density functional theory calculations. The magnetic moments of VSi2N4 can be switched from in-plane to out-of-plane by applying tensile biaxial strain or electron doping.