English

Macroscopic Quantum Electrodynamics with Gain: Modified Fluctuations and Their Consequences

Quantum Physics 2026-03-02 v2 Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Optics

Abstract

Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (MQED) provides a unified framework to describe quantum electromagnetic fields in the presence of arbitrary macroscopic environments. Central to this theory is the field correlation, which governs both radiative (e.g., Lamb shifts and the Purcell effect) and mechanical phenomena, such as van der Waals and Casimir forces. In this tutorial, we provide an overview of MQED and its extension to active media, highlighting fluctuation-induced forces as manifestations of gain-modified field correlations.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.22429,
  title  = {Macroscopic Quantum Electrodynamics with Gain: Modified Fluctuations and Their Consequences},
  author = {Daigo Oue},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.22429},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:53:00.689Z