English

Longest subsequence for certain repeated up/down patterns in random permutations avoiding a pattern of length three

Combinatorics 2024-12-05 v2 Probability

Abstract

Let SnS_n denote the set of permutations of [n][n] and let σ=σ1σnSn\sigma=\sigma_1\cdots\sigma_n\in S_n. For a subsequence {σij}j=1k\{\sigma_{i_j}\}_{j=1}^k of {σi}i=1n\{\sigma_i\}_{i=1}^n of length k2k\ge2, construct the ``up/down'' sequence V1Vk1V_1\cdots V_{k-1} defined by Vj={U, if σij+1σij>0;D, if σij+1σij<0. V_j=\begin{cases} U,\ \text{if}\ \sigma_{i_j+1}-\sigma_{i_j}>0;\\ D,\ \text{if}\ \sigma_{i_j+1}-\sigma_{i_j}<0.\end{cases} Consider now a fixed up/down pattern: V1VlV_1\cdots V_l, where lNl\in\mathbb{N} and Vj{U,D}, j[l]V_j\in\{U, D\},\ j\in[l]. Given a permutation σSn\sigma\in S_n, consider the length of the longest subsequence of σ\sigma that repeats this pattern. For example, consider l=3l=3 and V1V2V3=UUDV_1V_2V_3=UUD. Then for the permutation 342617985S9342617985\in S_9, the length of the longest subsequence that repeats the pattern UUDUUD is 7; it is obtained by 3461798 and 3461785. The above framework includes two well-known cases. The pattern UU is the celebrated case of the longest increasing subsequence. The pattern UDUD (or DUDU) is the case of the longest alternating subsequence. These have been studied both under the uniform distribution on SnS_n as well as under the uniform distribution on those permutations in SnS_n which avoid a particular pattern of length three. In this paper, we consider the patterns UUDUUD and UUUDUUUD under the uniform distribution on those permutations in SnS_n which avoid the pattern 132132. We prove that the expected value of the longest increasing subsequence following the pattern UUDUUD is asymptotic to 37n\frac37n and the expected value of the longest increasing subsequence following the pattern UUUDUUUD is asymptotic to 411n\frac4{11}n. (For UDUD (alternating subsequences) it is known to be 12n\frac12n.) This leads directly to appropriate corresponding results for permutations avoiding any particular pattern of length three.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2411.11482,
  title  = {Longest subsequence for certain repeated up/down patterns in random permutations avoiding a pattern of length three},
  author = {Ross G. Pinsky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.11482},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

This replaces the original version which had quite a number of typos!

R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:03:24.414Z