English

Log-Concavity of Infinite Product and Infinite Sum Generating Functions

Combinatorics 2023-02-28 v1 Number Theory

Abstract

We expand on the remark by Andrews on the importance of infinite sums and products in combinatorics. Let {gd(n)}d0,n1\{g_d(n)\}_{d\geq 0,n \geq 1} be the double sequences σd(n)=nd\sigma_d(n)= \sum_{\ell \mid n} \ell^d or ψd(n)=nd\psi_d(n)= n^d. We associate double sequences {pgd(n)}\left\{ p^{g_{d} }\left( n\right) \right\} and {qgd(n)}\left\{ q^{g_{d} }\left( n\right) \right\} , defined as the coefficients of \begin{eqnarray*} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} p^{g_{d} }\left( n\right) \, t^{n} & := & \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left( 1 - t^{n} \right)^{-\frac{ \sum_{\ell \mid n} \mu(\ell) \, g_d(n/\ell) }{n} }, \\ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} q^{g_{d} }\left( n\right) \, t^{n} & := & \frac{1}{1 - \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} g_d(n) \, t^{n} }. \end{eqnarray*} These coefficients are related to the number of partitions p(n)=pσ1(n)\mathrm{p}\left( n\right) = p^{\sigma _{1 }}\left ( n\right) , plane partitions pp(n)=pσ2(n)pp\left( n\right) = p^{\sigma _{2 }}\left( n\right) of nn, and Fibonacci numbers F2n=qψ1(n)F_{2n} = q^{\psi _{1 }}\left( n\right) . Let n3n \geq 3 and let n0(mod3)n \equiv 0 \pmod{3}. Then the coefficients are log-concave at nn for almost all dd in the exponential and geometric cases. The coefficients are not log-concave for almost all dd in both cases, if n2(mod3)n \equiv 2 \pmod{3}. Let n1(mod3)n\equiv 1 \pmod{3}. Then the log-concave property flips for almost all dd.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2302.13327,
  title  = {Log-Concavity of Infinite Product and Infinite Sum Generating Functions},
  author = {Bernhard Heim and Markus Neuhauser},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13327},
  year   = {2023}
}