Patch-based methods are widely used in 3D medical image segmentation to address memory constraints in processing high-resolution volumetric data. However, these approaches often neglect the patch's location within the global volume, which can limit segmentation performance when anatomical context is important. In this paper, we investigate the role of location context in patch-based 3D segmentation and propose a novel attention mechanism, LocBAM, that explicitly processes spatial information. Experiments on BTCV, AMOS22, and KiTS23 demonstrate that incorporating location context stabilizes training and improves segmentation performance, particularly under low patch-to-volume coverage where global context is missing. Furthermore, LocBAM consistently outperforms classical coordinate encoding via CoordConv. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/compai-lab/2026-ISBI-hooft
@article{arxiv.2601.14802,
title = {LocBAM: Advancing 3D Patch-Based Image Segmentation by Integrating Location Contex},
author = {Donnate Hooft and Stefan M. Fischer and Cosmin Bercea and Jan C. Peeken and Julia A. Schnabel},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.14802},
year = {2026}
}