We have developed a superconducting phase gradiometer consisting of two parallel DNA-templated nanowires connecting two thin-film leads. We have ramped the cross current flowing perpendicular to the nanowires, and observed oscillations in the lead-to-lead resistance due to cross-current-induced phase differences. By using this gradiometer we have measured the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the superfluid density and observed an amplification of phase gradients caused by elastic vortex displacements. We examine our data in light of Miller-Bardeen theory of dirty superconductors and a microscale version of Campbell's model of field penetration.
@article{arxiv.0709.4180,
title = {Local superfluid densities probed via current-induced superconducting phase gradients},
author = {David S. Hopkins and David Pekker and Tzu-Chieh Wei and Paul M. Goldbart and Alexey Bezryadin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0709.4180},
year = {2009}
}