Large language models (LLM) exhibit broad utility but face limitations in quantum sensor development, stemming from interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and involving complex optimization processes. Here we present QCopilot, an LLM-based multi-agent framework integrating external knowledge access, active learning, and uncertainty quantification for quantum sensor design and diagnosis. Comprising commercial LLMs with few-shot prompt engineering and vector knowledge base, QCopilot employs specialized agents to adaptively select optimization methods, automate modeling analysis, and independently perform problem diagnosis. Applying QCopilot to atom cooling experiments, we generated 108 sub-μK atoms without any human intervention within a few hours, representing ∼100× speedup over manual experimentation. Notably, by continuously accumulating prior knowledge and enabling dynamic modeling, QCopilot can autonomously identify anomalous parameters in multi-parameter experimental settings. Our work reduces barriers to large-scale quantum sensor deployment and readily extends to other quantum information systems.
@article{arxiv.2508.05421,
title = {LLM-based Multi-Agent Copilot for Quantum Sensor},
author = {Rong Sha and Binglin Wang and Jun Yang and Xiaoxiao Ma and Chengkun Wu and Liang Yan and Chao Zhou and Jixun Liu and Guochao Wang and Shuhua Yan and Lingxiao Zhu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.05421},
year = {2025}
}