English

Little Brains, Big Feats: Exploring Compact Language Models

Computation and Language 2026-06-29 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

While large language models have been dominating the research landscape recently, small language models remain highly relevant across various domains; yet, they receive far less attention. In this study, we investigate how smaller language models perform during the generation stage within a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system. To benchmark these models effectively, we utilised both open-source and proprietary datasets covering diverse subject areas and question types. Our findings demonstrate that a RAG system with small language models can be executed directly on-device without requiring any GPU hardware within a reasonable time. The experimental code and links to the supplementary materials can be accessed through the GitHub repository: https://github.com/SibNN/SLM-RAG-EVAL.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.30062,
  title  = {Little Brains, Big Feats: Exploring Compact Language Models},
  author = {Dari Baturova and Elena Bruches and Ivan Chernov and Roman Derunets and Arsenii Fomin and Andrey Kostin},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.30062},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted to ECML PKDD 2026, Applied Data Science track. Author preprint; the definitive version will appear in the proceedings of ECML PKDD 2026, Springer LNCS