English

Lithographically Defined Si$_3$N$_4$ Torsional Pendulum

Applied Physics 2025-12-16 v1

Abstract

Torsion pendulums provide an opportunity to trap large masses in a potential weak enough to explore two-body gravitation. Cooled to, and then released from a ground state, weak quantum effects, including those from gravity, might reveal themselves in the evolving decoherence of a torsion pendulum, if its baseline dissipation were sufficiently dilute for quantum coherent oscillation. Monolithic ribbon-like, or multi-filar suspension geometries provide a key to such dilution in torsion, but are challenging to make. As a solution, we introduce a lithographically defined silicon nitride (Si3_3N4_4) ribbon suspension in a wafer-scale approach to pendulum fabrication that is conducive to such 2-D geometries, making extreme aspect ratios, and even multi-filar designs, a possibility. A monofilar, monolithic, centimeter scale torsion pendulum is fabricated and released in a first proof of concept. Mounted in vacuum, it is optically excited and cooled using measurement based feedback. Though only 37 mg, the device displays a fundamental frequency of 162 mHz and an undiluted Q of 12000, demonstrating a foundational step towards ultra-coherent, ultra-low frequency torsion pendulums.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.13435,
  title  = {Lithographically Defined Si$_3$N$_4$ Torsional Pendulum},
  author = {Thomas Bsaibes and Charles Condos and Jack Manley and Jon Pratt and Dalziel J. Wilson and Jacob Taylor},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.13435},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:25:28.536Z