English

LION-DG: Layer-Informed Initialization with Deep Gradient Protocols for Accelerated Neural Network Training

Machine Learning 2026-01-06 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Weight initialization remains decisive for neural network optimization, yet existing methods are largely layer-agnostic. We study initialization for deeply-supervised architectures with auxiliary classifiers, where untrained auxiliary heads can destabilize early training through gradient interference. We propose LION-DG, a layer-informed initialization that zero-initializes auxiliary classifier heads while applying standard He-initialization to the backbone. We prove that this implements Gradient Awakening: auxiliary gradients are exactly zero at initialization, then phase in naturally as weights grow -- providing an implicit warmup without hyperparameters. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 with DenseNet-DS and ResNet-DS architectures demonstrate: (1) DenseNet-DS: +8.3% faster convergence on CIFAR-10 with comparable accuracy, (2) Hybrid approach: Combining LSUV with LION-DG achieves best accuracy (81.92% on CIFAR-10), (3) ResNet-DS: Positive speedup on CIFAR-100 (+11.3%) with side-tap auxiliary design. We identify architecture-specific trade-offs and provide clear guidelines for practitioners. LION-DG is simple, requires zero hyperparameters, and adds no computational overhead.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.02105,
  title  = {LION-DG: Layer-Informed Initialization with Deep Gradient Protocols for Accelerated Neural Network Training},
  author = {Hyunjun Kim},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.02105},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:50:51.441Z