We propose Derivative Learning (DERL), a supervised approach that models physical systems by learning their partial derivatives. We also leverage DERL to build physical models incrementally, by designing a distillation protocol that effectively transfers knowledge from a pre-trained model to a student one. We provide theoretical guarantees that DERL can learn the true physical system, being consistent with the underlying physical laws, even when using empirical derivatives. DERL outperforms state-of-the-art methods in generalizing an ODE to unseen initial conditions and a parametric PDE to unseen parameters. We also design a method based on DERL to transfer physical knowledge across models by extending them to new portions of the physical domain and a new range of PDE parameters. This introduces a new pipeline to build physical models incrementally in multiple stages.
@article{arxiv.2505.01391,
title = {Learning and Transferring Physical Models through Derivatives},
author = {Alessandro Trenta and Andrea Cossu and Davide Bacciu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.01391},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Accepted at Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) in January 2026