English

Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring

Combinatorics 2026-05-26 v1

Abstract

For a commutative ring RR with identity, the \emph{weakly zero-divisor graph} WΓ(R)W\Gamma(R) has vertex set Z(R)Z(R)^{\ast}, with distinct vertices xx and yy adjacent whenever there exist nonzero rAnn(x)r\in{\rm Ann}(x) and sAnn(y)s\in{\rm Ann}(y) with rs=0rs=0. The Laplacian spectrum of WΓ(Zn)W\Gamma(Z_n) has been determined by Shariq, Mathil, and Kumar, who also established that WΓ(Zn)W\Gamma(Z_n) is Laplacian integral. Building on the structural description of WΓ(R)W\Gamma(R) due to Nikmehr, Azadi, and Nikandish, we extend the Laplacian spectrum and integrality results from ZnZ_n to \emph{every} finite commutative ring RR: we restate WΓ(R)W\Gamma(R) in unified form as a complete multipartite graph whose parts are made explicit by the local-ring decomposition of RR, compute the full Laplacian spectrum in closed form, prove Laplacian integrality of WΓ(R)W\Gamma(R), and give a sharp bound on the number of distinct Laplacian eigenvalues. As consequences we obtain explicit formulas for the algebraic connectivity and number of spanning trees of WΓ(R)W\Gamma(R), and recover the Laplacian spectrum of WΓ(Zn)W\Gamma(Z_n) in compact form.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.24640,
  title  = {Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring},
  author = {Hampher Shylla and Sainkupar Mn Mawiong and John Paul Jala Kharbhih},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.24640},
  year   = {2026}
}