$\lambda$-factorials of $n$
Abstract
Recently, by the Riordan's identity related to tree enumerations, \begin{eqnarray*} \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}(k+1)!(n+1)^{n-k} &=& (n+1)^{n+1}, \end{eqnarray*} Sun and Xu derived another analogous one, \begin{eqnarray*} \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}D_{k+1}(n+1)^{n-k} &=& n^{n+1}, \end{eqnarray*} where is the number of permutations with no fixed points on . In the paper, we utilize the -factorials of , defined by Eriksen, Freij and Wstlund, to give a unified generalization of these two identities. We provide for it a combinatorial proof by the functional digraph theory and another two algebraic proofs. Using the umbral representation of our generalized identity and the Abel's binomial formula, we deduce several properties for -factorials of and establish the curious relations between the generating functions of general and exponential types for any sequence of numbers or polynomials.
Cite
@article{arxiv.1007.1339,
title = {$\lambda$-factorials of $n$},
author = {Yidong Sun and Jujuan Zhuang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1007.1339},
year = {2010}
}
Comments
13pages