Creating 2D animations is a complex, iterative process requiring continuous adjustments to movement, timing, and coordination of multiple elements within a scene. To support designers of varying levels of experience with animation design and implementation, we developed Keyframer, a design tool that generates animation code in response to natural language prompts, enabling users to preview rendered animations inline and edit them directly through provided editors. Through a user study with 13 novices and experts in animation design and programming, we contribute 1) a categorization of semantic prompt types for describing motion and identification of a 'decomposed' prompting style where users continually adapt their goals in response to generated output; and 2) design insights on supporting iterative refinement of animations through the combination of direct editing and natural language interfaces.
@article{arxiv.2402.06071,
title = {Keyframer: Empowering Animation Design using Large Language Models},
author = {Tiffany Tseng and Ruijia Cheng and Jeffrey Nichols},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.06071},
year = {2025}
}