English

Iterated extensions and the ramification dichotomy

Number Theory 2026-06-28 v1

Abstract

Let K/QpK/\mathbb Q_p be finite and let fOK[X]f\in\mathcal O_K[X] be monic, of degree at least two, with f(X)mKOK[X]f'(X)\in\mathfrak m_K\mathcal O_K[X], equivalently fˉk[Xp]\bar f\in k[X^p]. For a compatible inverse branch f(tn+1)=tnf(t_{n+1})=t_n with t0OKt_0\in\mathcal O_K, put Kn=K(tn)K_n=K(t_n) and K=nKnK_\infty=\bigcup_nK_n. We prove that K/KK_\infty/K is either unramified or deeply ramified. More precisely, once ramification appears, the ramification indices over the maximal unramified subfields tend to infinity and the finite-level differents are unbounded. In the Frobenius-type case f(X)Xpa(modmK)f(X)\equiv X^{p^a}\pmod{\mathfrak m_K} the unramified alternative is trivial, so K=KK_\infty=K or K/KK_\infty/K is deeply ramified. After completion, the non-unramified alternative gives perfectoid fields and examples show that APF property need not hold at the algebraic level.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.29310,
  title  = {Iterated extensions and the ramification dichotomy},
  author = {Mugurel Barcau and Vicenţiu Paşol},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.29310},
  year   = {2026}
}