Ion-rich acceleration during an eruptive flux rope event in a multiple null-point configuration
Abstract
We report on the -ray emission above 100~MeV from the GOES M3.3 flare SOL2012-06-03. The hard X-ray (HXR) and microwave emissions have typical time profiles with a fast rise to a well-defined peak followed by a slower decay. The 100~MeV emission during the prompt phase displayed a double-peaked temporal structure with the first peak following the HXR and microwaves, and the second one, about three times stronger, occurring seconds later. The time profiles seem to indicate two separate acceleration mechanisms at work, where the second -ray peak reveals a potentially pure or at least largely dominant ion acceleration. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly imaging shows a bright elliptical ribbon and a transient brightening in the north-western (NW) region. Nonlinear force-free extrapolations at the time of the impulsive peaks show closed field lines connecting the NW region to the south-eastern part of the ribbon and the magnetic topology revealed clusters of nulls. These observations suggest a spine-and-fan geometry, and based on these observations we interpret the second -ray peak as being due to the predominant acceleration of ions in a region with multiple null points. The 100 MeV emission from this flare also exhibits a delayed phase with an exponential decay of roughly 350 seconds. We find that the delayed emission is consistent with ions being trapped in a closed flux tube with gradual escape via their loss cone to the chromosphere.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2507.08469,
title = {Ion-rich acceleration during an eruptive flux rope event in a multiple null-point configuration},
author = {Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Alexander MacKinnon and Karl-Ludwig Klein and Alexander Russell and Hugh Hudson and Alexander Warmuth and Thomas Wiegelmann and Sophie Masson and Clare Parnell and Nariaki V. Nitta and Nicola Omodei},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.08469},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
22 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ