English

Ion-rich acceleration during an eruptive flux rope event in a multiple null-point configuration

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2025-07-14 v1 Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Abstract

We report on the γ\gamma-ray emission above 100~MeV from the GOES M3.3 flare SOL2012-06-03. The hard X-ray (HXR) and microwave emissions have typical time profiles with a fast rise to a well-defined peak followed by a slower decay. The >>100~MeV emission during the prompt phase displayed a double-peaked temporal structure with the first peak following the HXR and microwaves, and the second one, about three times stronger, occurring 17±217 \pm 2 seconds later. The time profiles seem to indicate two separate acceleration mechanisms at work, where the second γ\gamma-ray peak reveals a potentially pure or at least largely dominant ion acceleration. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly imaging shows a bright elliptical ribbon and a transient brightening in the north-western (NW) region. Nonlinear force-free extrapolations at the time of the impulsive peaks show closed field lines connecting the NW region to the south-eastern part of the ribbon and the magnetic topology revealed clusters of nulls. These observations suggest a spine-and-fan geometry, and based on these observations we interpret the second γ\gamma-ray peak as being due to the predominant acceleration of ions in a region with multiple null points. The >>100 MeV emission from this flare also exhibits a delayed phase with an exponential decay of roughly 350 seconds. We find that the delayed emission is consistent with ions being trapped in a closed flux tube with gradual escape via their loss cone to the chromosphere.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.08469,
  title  = {Ion-rich acceleration during an eruptive flux rope event in a multiple null-point configuration},
  author = {Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Alexander MacKinnon and Karl-Ludwig Klein and Alexander Russell and Hugh Hudson and Alexander Warmuth and Thomas Wiegelmann and Sophie Masson and Clare Parnell and Nariaki V. Nitta and Nicola Omodei},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.08469},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

22 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ