English

Involutive Markov categories and the quantum de Finetti theorem

Category Theory 2026-01-28 v4 Operator Algebras Quantum Physics

Abstract

Markov categories have recently emerged as a powerful high-level framework for probability theory and theoretical statistics. Here we study a quantum version of this concept, called involutive Markov categories. These are equivalent to Parzygnat's quantum Markov categories, but we argue that they offer a simpler and more practical approach. Our main examples of involutive Markov categories have pre-C*-algebras, including infinite-dimensional ones, as objects, together with completely positive unital maps as morphisms in the picture of interest. In this context, we prove a quantum de Finetti theorem for both the minimal and the maximal C*-tensor norms, and we develop a categorical description of such quantum de Finetti theorems which amounts to a universal property of state spaces.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2312.09666,
  title  = {Involutive Markov categories and the quantum de Finetti theorem},
  author = {Tobias Fritz and Antonio Lorenzin},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.09666},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

52 pages. This version improves the clarity of some analytical arguments (in particular, the proofs of Proposition 3.40 and Theorem 4.40)