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Introduction to Black Hole Thermodynamics

High Energy Physics - Theory 2025-05-20 v4 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

These notes aim to provide an introduction to the basics of black hole thermodynamics. After explaining Bekenstein's original proposal that black holes have entropy, we discuss Hawking's discovery of black hole radiation, its analog for Rindler space in the Unruh effect, the Euclidean approach to black hole thermodynamics, some basics about von Neumann entropy and its applications, the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, and the nature of a white hole.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.16795,
  title  = {Introduction to Black Hole Thermodynamics},
  author = {Edward Witten},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.16795},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

127 pp, 30 figures; added references and minor corrections in v. 2, v. 3, v .4

R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:45:17.370Z