Intrinsic Information Flow in Structureless NP Search
Abstract
Rather than measuring NP search in terms of Turing-machine time, we reinterpret witness recovery as an information-acquisition process: the hidden witness is the sole source of uncertainty, and identification requires sufficient reduction of this uncertainty through a rate-limited access interface in the sense of Shannon. To make this perspective explicit, we analyze an extreme regime, the \emph{psocid model}, in which the witness is accessible only via equality probes under a uniform, structureless prior. Each probe reveals at most bits of mutual information, so polynomially many probes accumulate only total information. By Fano's inequality, reliable recovery requires bits, creating a fundamental mismatch between the information required for recovery and that obtainable through the interface. The psocid setting isolates a fully symmetric search regime in which no intermediate computation yields global eliminative leverage, thereby exposing an intrinsic informational origin of exponential search complexity.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2603.06315,
title = {Intrinsic Information Flow in Structureless NP Search},
author = {Jing-Yuan Wei},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.06315},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Conceptual reframing of NP witness recovery via information-theoretic constraints; introduces an equality-only access model and proves an impossibility via Fano's inequality