English

Intrinsic Information Flow in Structureless NP Search

Optimization and Control 2026-04-22 v4 Computational Complexity Information Theory math.IT

Abstract

Rather than measuring NP search in terms of Turing-machine time, we reinterpret witness recovery as an information-acquisition process: the hidden witness is the sole source of uncertainty, and identification requires sufficient reduction of this uncertainty through a rate-limited access interface in the sense of Shannon. To make this perspective explicit, we analyze an extreme regime, the \emph{psocid model}, in which the witness is accessible only via equality probes [π=w][\pi = w^\star] under a uniform, structureless prior. Each probe reveals at most O(N/2N)O(N/2^N) bits of mutual information, so polynomially many probes accumulate only o(1)o(1) total information. By Fano's inequality, reliable recovery requires Ω(N)\Omega(N) bits, creating a fundamental mismatch between the information required for recovery and that obtainable through the interface. The psocid setting isolates a fully symmetric search regime in which no intermediate computation yields global eliminative leverage, thereby exposing an intrinsic informational origin of exponential search complexity.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.06315,
  title  = {Intrinsic Information Flow in Structureless NP Search},
  author = {Jing-Yuan Wei},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.06315},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Conceptual reframing of NP witness recovery via information-theoretic constraints; introduces an equality-only access model and proves an impossibility via Fano's inequality

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:06:56.950Z