English

Interactions of zeros of of polynomials and multiplicity matrices

Number Theory 2022-12-14 v6

Abstract

An m×(n+1)m \times (n+1) multiplicity matrix is a matrix M=(μi,j)M = ( \mu_{i,j} ) with rows enumerated by i{1, 2,,m}i \in \{ 1,\ 2, \ldots, m \} and columns enumerated by j{0,1,,n}j \in \{ 0,1,\ldots, n \} whose coordinates are nonnegative integers satisfying the following two properties: (1) If μi,j1\mu_{i,j} \geq 1, then jn1j \leq n-1 and μi,j+1=μi,j1\mu_{i,j+1} = \mu_{i,j}-1, and (2) the jjth column sum of MM satisfies the inequality i=1mμi,jnj\sum_{i=1}^{m} \mu_{i, j} \leq n-j for all jj. Let KK be a field of characteristic 0 and let f(x)f(x) be a polynomial of degree nn with coefficients in KK. Let f(j)(x)f^{(j)}(x) be the jjth derivative of f(x)f(x). Let Λ=(λ1,,λm)\Lambda = ( \lambda_1,\ldots, \lambda_{m}) be a sequence of distinct elements of KK. For i{1,2,,m}i \in \{1, 2, \ldots, m \} and j{1,2,,n}j \in \{1,2,\ldots, n\}, let μi,j \mu_{i,j} be the multiplicity of λi\lambda_i as a zero of the polynomial f(j)(x)f^{(j)}(x). The m×(n+1)m \times (n+1) matrix Mf(Λ)=(μi,j)M_f(\Lambda) = ( \mu_{i,j} ) is called the multiplicity matrix of the polynomial f(x)f(x) with respect to Λ\Lambda. An open problem is to classify the multiplicity matrices that are multiplicity matrices of polynomials in K[x]K[x] and to construct multiplicity matrices that are not multiplicity matrices of polynomials.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2203.02477,
  title  = {Interactions of zeros of of polynomials and multiplicity matrices},
  author = {Melvyn B. Nathanson},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.02477},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

17 pages; minor changes