We introduce INTELLECT-2, the first globally distributed reinforcement learning (RL) training run of a 32 billion parameter language model. Unlike traditional centralized training efforts, INTELLECT-2 trains a reasoning model using fully asynchronous RL across a dynamic, heterogeneous swarm of permissionless compute contributors. To enable a training run with this unique infrastructure, we built various components from scratch: we introduce PRIME-RL, our training framework purpose-built for distributed asynchronous reinforcement learning, based on top of novel components such as TOPLOC, which verifies rollouts from untrusted inference workers, and SHARDCAST, which efficiently broadcasts policy weights from training nodes to inference workers. Beyond infrastructure components, we propose modifications to the standard GRPO training recipe and data filtering techniques that were crucial to achieve training stability and ensure that our model successfully learned its training objective, thus improving upon QwQ-32B, the state of the art reasoning model in the 32B parameter range. We open-source INTELLECT-2 along with all of our code and data, hoping to encourage and enable more open research in the field of decentralized training.
@article{arxiv.2505.07291,
title = {INTELLECT-2: A Reasoning Model Trained Through Globally Decentralized Reinforcement Learning},
author = {Prime Intellect Team and Sami Jaghouar and Justus Mattern and Jack Min Ong and Jannik Straube and Manveer Basra and Aaron Pazdera and Kushal Thaman and Matthew Di Ferrante and Felix Gabriel and Fares Obeid and Kemal Erdem and Michael Keiblinger and Johannes Hagemann},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.07291},
year = {2025}
}