English

Informative Path Planning to Explore and Map Unknown Planetary Surfaces with Gaussian Processes

Robotics 2025-03-24 v1 Information Retrieval Machine Learning

Abstract

Many environments, such as unvisited planetary surfaces and oceanic regions, remain unexplored due to a lack of prior knowledge. Autonomous vehicles must sample upon arrival, process data, and either transmit findings to a teleoperator or decide where to explore next. Teleoperation is suboptimal, as human intuition lacks mathematical guarantees for optimality. This study evaluates an informative path planning algorithm for mapping a scalar variable distribution while minimizing travel distance and ensuring model convergence. We compare traditional open loop coverage methods (e.g., Boustrophedon, Spiral) with information-theoretic approaches using Gaussian processes, which update models iteratively with confidence metrics. The algorithm's performance is tested on three surfaces, a parabola, Townsend function, and lunar crater hydration map, to assess noise, convexity, and function behavior. Results demonstrate that information-driven methods significantly outperform naive exploration in reducing model error and travel distance while improving convergence potential.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.16613,
  title  = {Informative Path Planning to Explore and Map Unknown Planetary Surfaces with Gaussian Processes},
  author = {Ashten Akemoto and Frances Zhu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.16613},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:28:55.713Z