Infinite metacyclic subgroups of the mapping class group

For $g\geq 2$, let $\text{Mod}(S_g)$ be the mapping class group of the closed orientable surface $S_g$ of genus $g$. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of infinite metacyclic subgroups of $\text{Mod}(S_g)$. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions under which a pseudo-Anosov mapping class generates an infinite metacyclic subgroup of $\text{Mod}(S_g)$ with a nontrivial periodic mapping class. As applications of our main results, we establish the existence of infinite metacyclic subgroups of $\text{Mod}(S_g)$ isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_m, \mathbb{Z}_n \rtimes \mathbb{Z}$, and $\mathbb{Z} \rtimes \mathbb{Z}$. Furthermore, we derive bounds on the order of a nontrivial periodic generator of an infinite metacyclic subgroup of $\text{Mod}(S_g)$ that are realized. Finally, we show that the centralizer of an irreducible periodic mapping class $F$ is either $\langle F\rangle$ or $\langle F\rangle \times \langle i\rangle$, where $i$ is a hyperelliptic involution.