Inertial spin waves in spin spirals

Inertial effects in spin dynamics emerge on picosecond time scales, giving rise to nutational excitations at THz frequencies. Here, we describe a general framework for investigating the precessional and nutational excitations in any type of spin structure within linear spin-wave theory. We consider the particular cases of planar and conical spin spirals in detail. We observe a change in the sign of the curvature of the high-frequency nutational spin-wave band as the spiral period is decreased when passing from the ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic limit. We identify conditions for the interaction parameters where the curvature changes sign and asymptotical flat bands are formed.