We have investigated spin Hall effects in 4d and 5d transition metals, Nb, Ta, Mo, Pd and Pt, by incorporating the spin absorption method in the lateral spin valve structure; where large spin current preferably relaxes into the transition metals, exhibiting strong spin-orbit interactions. Thereby nonlocal spin valve measurements enable us to evaluate their spin Hall conductivities. The sign of the spin Hall conductivity changes systematically depending on the number of d electrons. This tendency is in good agreement with the recent theoretical calculation based on the intrinsic spin Hall effect.
@article{arxiv.1008.0158,
title = {Indication of intrinsic spin Hall effect in 4d and 5d transition metals},
author = {M. Morota and Y. Niimi and K. Ohnishi and T. Tanaka and H. Kontani and T. Kimura and Y. Otani},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1008.0158},
year = {2015}
}