Indecomposable extensions of perverse sheaves over a closed stratum

Given a topologically stratified space $X$, we develop a categorical framework for extensions of perverse sheaves over a closed stratum $S$. We introduce the notion of $S$-small extensions and extension pairs relative to a fixed perverse sheaf on $X\smallsetminus S$. By replacing the homotopical assumptions $\pi_1(S)=\pi_2(S)=0$ in the work of MacPherson and Vilonen (Invent. Math., 84(2):403-435, 1986) with the categorical condition that the category of local systems on $S$ is semisimple, we construct an equivalence of additive categories between $S$-small extensions and extension pairs. This extends the MacPherson--Vilonen description to a more general setting and yields a maximal extension functor, generalising Beilinson's construction. As a consequence, we obtain a structural classification of indecomposable $p$-perverse sheaves on $X$: every such object is either an extension by zero of an indecomposable local system on $S$, or arises from an extension pair whose canonical morphism does not decompose as a direct sum.