Including higher-order modes in a quadrupolar eccentric numerical relativity surrogate using universal eccentric modulation functions
Abstract
\texttt{gwNRHME} is a framework that converts multi-modal (i.e., containing several spherical harmonic modes) quasi-circular waveforms into their eccentric counterparts, provided the quadrupolar eccentric mode is known, by exploiting universal eccentric modulation functions. Leveraging this framework, we combine the quasi-circular NR surrogate model \texttt{NRHybSur3dq8} with the quadrupolar, non-spinning, eccentric surrogate \texttt{NRSurE\_q4NoSpin\_22} to construct a multi-modal, non-spinning, eccentric model, denoted as \model{}, which includes nine modes: , , , and . When compared against 156 eccentric SXS NR waveforms, \model{} achieves median frequency-domain mismatches (computed using the Advanced LIGO design sensitivity) of , with a standard deviation of . To demonstrate the modularity of the framework, we further combine \texttt{NRSurE\_q4NoSpin\_22} with effective-one-body (EOB) models \texttt{SEOBNRv5HM} and \texttt{TEOBResumS-Dali} in their non-spinning limits, yielding eccentric waveforms with median mismatches of and , respectively, with standard deviation of and respectively. Finally, we provide both a surrogate model, \texttt{gwEccEvolve\_q4NoSpin\_Sur}, and an analytical model, \texttt{gwEccEvNSv2}, for the eccentricity evolution up to before merger, based on eccentricity definitions derived from the universal modulation functions. The \texttt{gwNRHME} framework is publicly available through the \texttt{gwModels} package, and the resulting waveform models will be released via the \texttt{gwsurrogate} package.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.17868,
title = {Including higher-order modes in a quadrupolar eccentric numerical relativity surrogate using universal eccentric modulation functions},
author = {Tousif Islam and Adhrit Ravichandran and Peter James Nee and Scott E. Field and Vijay Varma and Harald P. Pfeiffer and Andrea Ceja and Noora Ghadiri and Lawrence E. Kidder and Prayush Kumar and Marlo Morales and Abhishek Ravishankar and Antoni Ramos-Buades and Katie Rink and Hannes R. Ruter and Mark A. Scheel and Md Arif Shaikh and Daniel Tellez},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.17868},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
20 pages, 19 figures