Improved Algorithms for Nanopore Signal Processing

Nanopore resistive pulse techniques are based on analysis of current or voltage spikes in the recorded signal. These spikes result from translocation of nanometer sized analytes through a nanopore. The most important information that needs to be extracted is the duration, amplitude and number of the translocation spikes. The recorded signal is usually considerably noisy, with a huge baseline drift and hundreds of translocation spikes. Thus, incorporation of suitable signal processing algorithms is necessary for correct and fast detection of all the translocation spikes and to accurately measure their amplitude and duration. Generally, low-pass filtering is used for denoising, averaging is used for baseline detection, and thresholding is used for spike detection and measurement. Here we present novel algorithms and specifically developed software for nanopore signal processing that are significantly improving the accuracy of the nanopore measurements. It includes an improved method for baseline removing, an optimized algorithm for denoising the nanopore signals, a novel spike detection method that detects all the translocation spikes more correctly, and a novel algorithm for measuring the duration and amplitude of the translocation spikes that is less affected by the measurement bandwidth and is more accurate. The newly developed algorithms are evaluated and optimized by a range of experimentally recorded signals, in addition to different simulated signals.