English

Image of the time-dependent black hole

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2025-07-24 v1

Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope's 2024 observations report a shift in the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in M87*, revealing time variability in the black hole's image. In this analysis, we investigate the time-dependent of a Vaidya black hole. By introducing a mass function that increases linearly with time, along with a conformal transformation, we derive the conformal Vaidya metric and define a new time coordinate tct_c. Using the semi-analytical approach, we analyze the ray trajectories and radiation flux of the Vaidya black hole in the background of a thin accretion disk. We discuss how the observed flux in the Vaidya spacetime evolves as a function of the new time coordinate tct_c. The results show that the facula on the observable plane undergoes radial displacement as tct_c increases, revealing the time-dependent evolution of black hole images.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.14565,
  title  = {Image of the time-dependent black hole},
  author = {Yu Liang and Sen Guo and Kai Lin and Yu-Hao Cui and Yu-Xiang Huang and Tao Yu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.14565},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

11 pages, 8 figures