Illposedness of incompressible fluids in supercritical Sobolev spaces

We prove that the 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are strongly illposed in supercritical Sobolev spaces. In the inviscid case, for any $0 < s < \frac{5}{2}$, we construct a $C^\infty_c$ initial velocity field with arbitrarily small $H^{s}$ norm for which the unique local-in-time smooth solution of the 3D Euler equation develops large $\dot{H}^{s}$ norm inflation almost instantaneously. In the viscous case, the same $\dot{H}^{s}$ norm inflation occurs in the 3D Navier-Stokes equation for $0< s < \frac{1}{2}$, where $s = \frac{1}{2}$ is scaling critical for this equation.