IceCube Sensitivity for Low-Energy Neutrinos from Nearby Supernovae
Abstract
This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic South Pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of ~ 1 cubic kilometer in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of electron neutrinos released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1108.0171,
title = {IceCube Sensitivity for Low-Energy Neutrinos from Nearby Supernovae},
author = {IceCube Collaboration and R. Abbasi and Y. Abdou and T. Abu-Zayyad and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and J. A. Aguilar and M. Ahlers and M. M. Allen and D. Altmann and K. Andeen and J. Auffenberg and X. Bai and M. Baker and S. W. Barwick and V. Baum and R. Bay and J. L. Bazo Alba and K. Beattie and J. J. Beatty and S. Bechet and J. K. Becker and K. -H. Becker and M. L. Benabderrahmane and S. BenZvi and J. Berdermann and P. Berghaus and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and D. Bertrand and D. Z. Besson and D. Bindig and M. Bissok and E. Blaufuss and J. Blumenthal and D. J. Boersma and C. Bohm and D. Bose and S. Böser and O. Botner and A. M. Brown and S. Buitink and K. S. Caballero-Mora and M. Carson and D. Chirkin and B. Christy and F. Clevermann and S. Cohen and C. Colnard and D. F. Cowen and A. H. Cruz Silva and M. V. D'Agostino and M. Danninger and J. Daughhetee and J. C. Davis and C. De Clercq and T. Degner and L. Demirörs and F. Descamps and P. Desiati and G. de Vries-Uiterweerd and T. DeYoung and J. C. Diaz-Vélez and M. Dierckxsens and J. Dreyer and J. P. Dumm and M. Dunkman and J. Eisch and R. W. Ellsworth and O. Engdegård and S. Euler and P. A. Evenson and O. Fadiran and A. R. Fazely and A. Fedynitch and J. Feintzeig and T. Feusels and K. Filimonov and C. Finley and T. Fischer-Wasels and B. D. Fox and A. Franckowiak and R. Franke and T. K. Gaisser and J. Gallagher and L. Gerhardt and L. Gladstone and T. Glüsenkamp and A. Goldschmidt and J. A. Goodman and D. Góra and D. Grant and T. Griesel and A. Groß and S. Grullon and M. Gurtner and C. Ha and A. Haj Ismail and A. Hallgren and F. Halzen and K. Han and K. Hanson and D. Heinen and K. Helbing and R. Hellauer and S. Hickford and G. C. Hill and K. D. Hoffman and B. Hoffmann and A. Homeier and K. Hoshina and W. Huelsnitz and J. -P. Hülß and P. O. Hulth and K. Hultqvist and S. Hussain and A. Ishihara and E. Jakobi and J. Jacobsen and G. S. Japaridze and H. Johansson and K. -H. Kampert and A. Kappes and T. Karg and A. Karle and P. Kenny and J. Kiryluk and F. Kislat and S. R. Klein and H. Köhne and G. Kohnen and H. Kolanoski and L. Köpke and S. Kopper and D. J. Koskinen and M. Kowalski and T. Kowarik and M. Krasberg and G. Kroll and N. Kurahashi and T. Kuwabara and M. Labare and K. Laihem and H. Landsman and M. J. Larson and R. Lauer and J. Lünemann and J. Madsen and A. Marotta and R. Maruyama and K. Mase and H. S. Matis and K. Meagher and M. Merck and P. Mészáros and T. Meures and S. Miarecki and E. Middell and N. Milke and J. Miller and T. Montaruli and R. Morse and S. M. Movit and R. Nahnhauer and J. W. Nam and U. Naumann and D. R. Nygren and S. Odrowski and A. Olivas and M. Olivo and A. O'Murchadha and S. Panknin and L. Paul and C. Pérez de los Heros and J. Petrovic and A. Piegsa and D. Pieloth and R. Porrata and J. Posselt and P. B. Price and G. T. Przybylski and K. Rawlins and P. Redl and E. Resconi and W. Rhode and M. Ribordy and A. S. Richard and M. Richman and J. P. Rodrigues and F. Rothmaier and C. Rott and T. Ruhe and D. Rutledge and B. Ruzybayev and D. Ryckbosch and H. -G. Sander and M. Santander and S. Sarkar and K. Schatto and T. Schmidt and A. Schönwald and A. Schukraft and L. Schulte and A. Schultes and O. Schulz and M. Schunck and D. Seckel and B. Semburg and S. H. Seo and Y. Sestayo and S. Seunarine and A. Silvestri and K. Singh and A. Slipak and G. M. Spiczak and C. Spiering and M. Stamatikos and T. Stanev and T. Stezelberger and R. G. Stokstad and A. Stößl and E. A. Strahler and R. Ström and M. Stüer and G. W. Sullivan and Q. Swillens and H. Taavola and I. Taboada and A. Tamburro and A. Tepe and S. Ter-Antonyan and S. Tilav and P. A. Toale and S. Toscano and D. Tosi and N. van Eijndhoven and J. Vandenbroucke and A. Van Overloop and J. van Santen and M. Vehring and M. Voge and C. Walck and T. Waldenmaier and M. Wallraff and M. Walter and Ch. Weaver and C. Wendt and S. Westerhoff and N. Whitehorn and K. Wiebe and C. H. Wiebusch and D. R. Williams and R. Wischnewski and H. Wissing and M. Wolf and T. R. Wood and K. Woschnagg and C. Xu and D. L. Xu and X. W. Xu and J. P. Yanez and G. Yodh and S. Yoshida and P. Zarzhitsky and M. Zoll},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1108.0171},
year = {2017}
}
Comments
17 pages, 16 figures