English

Hyperdisordered cell packing on a growing surface

Soft Condensed Matter 2025-05-27 v2 Statistical Mechanics Biological Physics Tissues and Organs

Abstract

While the physics of disordered packing in non-growing systems is well understood, unexplored phenomena can emerge when packing takes place in growing domains. We study the arrangements of pigment cells (chromatophores) on squid skin as a biological example of a packed system on an expanding surface. We find that relative density fluctuations in cell numbers grow with spatial scale. We term this behavior ``hyperdisordered'', in contrast with hyperuniform behavior in which relative fluctuations tend to zero at large scale. We find that hyperdisordered scaling, akin to that of a critical system, is quantitatively reproduced by a model in which hard disks are randomly inserted in a homogeneously growing surface. In addition, we find that chromatophores increase in size during animal development, but maintain a stationary size distribution. The physical mechanisms described in our work may apply to a broad class of growing dense systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2409.15712,
  title  = {Hyperdisordered cell packing on a growing surface},
  author = {Robert J. H. Ross and Giovanni D. Masucci and Chun Yen Lin and Teresa L. Iglesias and Sam Reiter and Simone Pigolotti},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.15712},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

13 pages, 7 figures, accepted version

R2 v1 2026-06-28T18:54:46.163Z