English

Hypercharge Quantisation and Fermat's Last Theorem

High Energy Physics - Theory 2020-01-29 v3 High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Abstract

What values of the Standard Model hypercharges result in a mathematically consistent quantum field theory? We show that the constraints imposed by the lack of gauge anomalies can be recast as the equation x^3 + y^3 = z^3. If hypercharge is quantised, then x, y and z must be integers. The trivial (and only) solutions, with x=0 or y=0, reproduce the hypercharge assignments seen in Nature. This argument does not rely on the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly, which is automatically vanishing if hypercharge is quantised and the gauge anomalies vanish.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1907.00514,
  title  = {Hypercharge Quantisation and Fermat's Last Theorem},
  author = {Nakarin Lohitsiri and David Tong},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00514},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

2.25 pages. v2: References added. v3: More references, and comment on the right handed neutrino

R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:08:08.993Z