Hybrid electromagnetic circuits

Electromagnetic circuits are the electromagnetic analog at fixed frequency of mass-spring networks in elastodynamics. By interchanging the roles of epsilon and mu in electromagnetic circuits one obtains magnetoelectric circuits. Here we show that by introducing tetrahedral connectors having epsilon=mu=0 one can join electromagnetic and magnetoelectric circuits to obtain hybrid circuits. Their response is governed by a symmetric matrix with negative semidefinite imaginary part. Conversely given any such matrix a recipe is given for constructing a hybrid circuit which has that matrix as its response matrix.