The trade-off between general-purpose foundation vision models and their specialized counterparts is critical for efficient feature coding design and is not yet fully understood. We investigate this trade-off by comparing the feature versatility of the general-purpose Hiera encoder against the segmentation-specialized Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2). Using a lightweight, trainable neck to probe the adaptability of their frozen features, we quantify the information-theoretic cost of specialization. Our results reveal that while SAM2's specialization is highly effective for spatially-related tasks like depth estimation, it comes at a cost. The specialized SAM2 encoder underperforms its generalist predecessor, Hiera, on conceptually distant tasks such as pose estimation and image captioning, demonstrating a measurable loss of broader semantic information. A novel cross-neck analysis on SAM2 reveals that each level of adaptation creates a further representational bottleneck. Our analysis illuminates these trade-offs in feature universality, providing a quantitative foundation for designing efficient feature coding and adaptation strategies for diverse downstream applications.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2510.17051,
title = {How Universal Are SAM2 Features?},
author = {Masoud Khairi Atani and Alon Harell and Hyomin Choi and Runyu Yang and Fabien Racape and Ivan V. Bajic},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.17051},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Picture Coding Symposium (PCS) 2025