English

How Far do Lindbladians Go?

Quantum Physics 2025-12-25 v2 Mathematical Physics Functional Analysis math.MP

Abstract

We study controllability of finite-dimensional open quantum systems under a general Markovian control model combining full coherent (unitary) control with tunable dissipative channels. Assuming the Hamiltonian controls is a H\"ormander system that generate su(n)\mathfrak{su}(n), we ask how little dissipation suffices to make the full state space D(H)\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{H}) controllable. We show that minimal non-unital noise can break unitary-orbit invariants and, in many cases, a very small set of jump operators yields transitivity on D(H)\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{H}). For multi-qubit systems we prove explicit transitivity results for natural resources such as a single-qubit amplitude-damping jump together with a dephasing channel, and we identify obstructions when only self-adjoint jump operators are available (yielding only unital evolutions). We further develop a geometric viewpoint and ask the ``lifting'' question: when can a path of densities be obtained from applying a time-dependent family of Lindbladian to an initial state? For this, we have to analyze the tangent structure of the ``manifold with corners'' and how this tangent structure reflects Lindbldian evolution. Building on this framework, we derive reachability criteria and no-go results based on a norm-decrease alignment condition, including a geometric obstruction arising from the incompatibility between admissible tangent directions and dissipative contraction.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2504.04883,
  title  = {How Far do Lindbladians Go?},
  author = {Jihong Cai and Advith Govindarajan and Marius Junge},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04883},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:49:09.062Z