English

How close can we come to a parity function when there isn't one?

Combinatorics 2010-05-27 v1 Computational Complexity Group Theory Representation Theory

Abstract

Consider a group G such that there is no homomorphism f:G to {+1,-1}. In that case, how close can we come to such a homomorphism? We show that if f has zero expectation, then the probability that f(xy) = f(x) f(y), where x, y are chosen uniformly and independently from G, is at most 1/2(1+1/sqrt{d}), where d is the dimension of G's smallest nontrivial irreducible representation. For the alternating group A_n, for instance, d=n-1. On the other hand, A_n contains a subgroup isomorphic to S_{n-2}, whose parity function we can extend to obtain an f for which this probability is 1/2(1+1/{n \choose 2}). Thus the extent to which f can be "more homomorphic" than a random function from A_n to {+1,-1} lies between O(n^{-1/2}) and Omega(n^{-2}).

Cite

@article{arxiv.1005.4897,
  title  = {How close can we come to a parity function when there isn't one?},
  author = {Cristopher Moore and Alexander Russell},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1005.4897},
  year   = {2010}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-21T15:28:15.670Z