Holographic Lifshitz fluids in 1+1 dimensions

In this paper, using the techniques of Gauge/gravity duality we explore the hydrodynamic regime of $z=3$ Lifshitz fixed points in $1+1$ dimensions. The speed of sound in the non-relativistic plasma turns out to be $\sqrt{3}$, which clearly violates the conjectured upper bound. We identify this as a natural consequence of the Lorentz symmetry breakdown at $z=3$ Lifshitz fixed point. In our analysis, we compute bulk viscosity to entropy ratio for quantum field theory dual to Lifshitz gravity in $2+1$ dimensions and it turns out that for this particular holographic model this ratio is above the conjectured lower bound.