English

Hofstadter's Butterfly in AdS$_3$ Black Holes

High Energy Physics - Theory 2026-04-17 v1 Disordered Systems and Neural Networks Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons Quantum Physics

Abstract

We derive the reduced Dirac Hamiltonian on the non-rotating BTZ background and use its redshift structure to construct a gauge-covariant single-band lattice model on the constant-time BTZ cylinder. In equal-area coordinates the AdS radius LL fixes the local Gaussian curvature, while the horizon radius rhr_h fixes the throat size and the strength of the near-horizon redshift. The lattice model therefore has a direct geometric interpretation and is not presented as an unshown reduction of the two-component Dirac lattice. Its angular Fourier transform yields an exact curved Harper equation with BTZ-dependent hopping amplitudes and a consistent dimensionless angular quasi-momentum. We then supplement global parameter scans with state-resolved diagnostics: spectra color-coded by mean radius, local density of states, direct flux-response versus radius correlations, and Aharonov--Bohm spectral flow and persistent current on the BTZ cycle. These results show that weaker curvature sharpens the butterfly-like fragmentation, whereas larger horizons suppress both magnetic and Aharonov--Bohm response by creating weakly dispersing near-horizon states.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.14335,
  title  = {Hofstadter's Butterfly in AdS$_3$ Black Holes},
  author = {Kazuki Ikeda and Yaron Oz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.14335},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

20 pages, 7 figures