English

History state formalism for Dirac's theory

Quantum Physics 2019-02-19 v2

Abstract

We propose a history state formalism for a Dirac particle. By introducing a reference quantum clock system it is first shown that Dirac's equation can be derived by enforcing a timeless Wheeler-DeWitt-like equation for a global state. The Hilbert space of the whole system constitutes a unitary representation of the Lorentz group with respect to a properly defined invariant product, and the proper normalization of global states directly ensures standard Dirac's norm. Moreover, by introducing a second quantum clock, the previous invariant product emerges naturally from a generalized continuity equation. The invariant parameter τ\tau associated with this second clock labels history states for different particles, yielding an observable evolution in the case of an hypothetical superposition of different masses. Analytical expressions for both space-time density and electron-time entanglement are provided for two particular families of electron's states, the former including Pryce localized particles.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1806.01472,
  title  = {History state formalism for Dirac's theory},
  author = {N. L. Diaz and R. Rossignoli},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.01472},
  year   = {2019}
}

Comments

9 pages, 2 figures, final version

R2 v1 2026-06-23T02:19:07.805Z