Higher discriminants of vector bundles and Schur functors

We prove some closed formulas for the logarithmic Chern character of a locally free sheaf. The argument used is representation-theoretic and we connect these formulas with the actions of some Casimir elements of $\mathfrak{sl}_r$. As an application, we give a recipe to construct slope polystable modular bundles on hyper-K\"ahler manifolds from old ones.