English

High-ordered spectral characterization of unicyclic graphs

Combinatorics 2025-07-22 v1

Abstract

In this paper we will apply the tensor and its traces to investigate the spectral characterization of unicyclic graphs. Let GG be a graph and GmG^m be the mm-th power (hypergraph) of GG. The spectrum of GG is referring to its adjacency matrix, and the spectrum of GmG^m is referring to its adjacency tensor. The graph GG is called determined by high-ordered spectra (DHS for short) if, whenever HH is a graph such that HmH^m is cospectral with GmG^m for all mm, then HH is isomorphic to GG. In this paper we first give formulas for the traces of the power of unicyclic graphs, and then provide some high-ordered cospectral invariants of unicyclic graphs. We prove that a class of unicyclic graphs with cospectral mates is DHS, and give two examples of infinitely many pairs of cospectral unicyclic graphs but with different high-ordered spectra.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2208.13204,
  title  = {High-ordered spectral characterization of unicyclic graphs},
  author = {Yi-Zheng Fan and Hong-Xia Yang and Jian Zheng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.13204},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-25T02:02:12.387Z