Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H$_2$Cl$^+$)

D. C. Lis; J. C. Pearson; D. A. Neufeld; P. Schilke; H. S. P. Müller; H. Gupta; T. A. Bell; C. Comito; T. G. Phillips; E. A. Bergin; C. Ceccarelli; P. F. Goldsmith; G. A. Blake; A. Bacmann; A. Baudry; M. Benedettini; A. Benz; J. Black; A. Boogert; S. Bottinelli; S. Cabrit; P. Caselli; A. Castets; E. Caux; J. Cernicharo; C. Codella; A. Coutens; N. Crimier; N. R. Crockett; F. Daniel; K. Demyk; C. Dominic; M. -L. Dubernet; M. Emprechtinger; P. Encrenaz; E. Falgarone; A. Fuente; M. Gerin; T. F. Giesen; J. R. Goicoechea; F. Helmich; P. Hennebelle; Th. Henning; E. Herbst; P. Hily-Blant; Å. Hjalmarson; D. Hollenbach; T. Jack; C. Joblin; D. Johnstone

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014959

Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H$_2$Cl$^+$)

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2016-08-14 v1

Authors: D. C. Lis , J. C. Pearson , D. A. Neufeld , P. Schilke , H. S. P. Müller , H. Gupta , T. A. Bell , C. Comito , T. G. Phillips , E. A. Bergin , C. Ceccarelli , P. F. Goldsmith , G. A. Blake , A. Bacmann , A. Baudry , M. Benedettini , A. Benz , J. Black , A. Boogert , S. Bottinelli , S. Cabrit , P. Caselli , A. Castets , E. Caux , J. Cernicharo , C. Codella , A. Coutens , N. Crimier , N. R. Crockett , F. Daniel , K. Demyk , C. Dominic , M. -L. Dubernet , M. Emprechtinger , P. Encrenaz , E. Falgarone , A. Fuente , M. Gerin , T. F. Giesen , J. R. Goicoechea , F. Helmich , P. Hennebelle , Th. Henning , E. Herbst , P. Hily-Blant , Å. Hjalmarson , D. Hollenbach , T. Jack , C. Joblin , D. Johnstone , C. Kahane , M. Kama , M. Kaufman , A. Klotz , W. D. Langer , B. Larsson , J. Le Bourlot , B. Lefloch , F. Le Petit , D. Li , R. Liseau , S. D. Lord , A. Lorenzani , S. Maret , P. G. Martin , G. J. Melnick , K. M. Menten , P. Morris , J. A. Murphy , Z. Nagy , B. Nisini , V. Ossenkopf , S. Pacheco , L. Pagani , B. Parise , M. Pérault , R. Plume , S. -L. Qin , E. Roueff , M. Salez , A. Sandqvist , P. Saraceno , S. Schlemmer , K. Schuster , R. Snell , J. Stutzki , A. Tielens , N. Trappe , F. F. S. van der Tak , M. H. D. van der Wiel , E. van Dishoeck , C. Vastel , S. Viti , V. Wakelam , A. Walters , S. Wang , F. Wyrowski , H. W. Yorke , S. Yu , J. Zmuidzinas , Y. Delorme , J. -P. Desbat , R. Güsten , J. -M. Krieg , B. Delforge

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Abstract

We report the first detection of chloronium, H $_2$ Cl $^+$ , in the interstellar medium, using the HIFI instrument aboard the \emph{Herschel} Space Observatory. The $2_{12}-1_{01}$ lines of ortho-H $_2^{35}$ Cl $^+$ and ortho-H $_2^{37}$ Cl $^+$ are detected in absorption towards NGC~6334I, and the $1_{11}-0_{00}$ transition of para-H $_2^{35}$ Cl $^+$ is detected in absorption towards NGC~6334I and Sgr~B2(S). The H $_2$ Cl $^+$ column densities are compared to those of the chemically-related species HCl. The derived HCl/H $_2$ Cl $^+$ column density ratios, $\sim$ 1--10, are within the range predicted by models of diffuse and dense Photon Dominated Regions (PDRs). However, the observed H $_2$ Cl $^+$ column densities, in excess of $10^{13}$ ~cm $^{-2}$ , are significantly higher than the model predictions. Our observations demonstrate the outstanding spectroscopic capabilities of HIFI for detecting new interstellar molecules and providing key constraints for astrochemical models.

Keywords

interstellar chloronium Herschel Space Observatory HIFI instrument Photon Dominated Regions astrochemical models molecular ions

Cite

@article{arxiv.1007.1461,
title = {Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H$_2$Cl$^+$)},
author = {D. C. Lis and J. C. Pearson and D. A. Neufeld and P. Schilke and H. S. P. Müller and H. Gupta and T. A. Bell and C. Comito and T. G. Phillips and E. A. Bergin and C. Ceccarelli and P. F. Goldsmith and G. A. Blake and A. Bacmann and A. Baudry and M. Benedettini and A. Benz and J. Black and A. Boogert and S. Bottinelli and S. Cabrit and P. Caselli and A. Castets and E. Caux and J. Cernicharo and C. Codella and A. Coutens and N. Crimier and N. R. Crockett and F. Daniel and K. Demyk and C. Dominic and M. -L. Dubernet and M. Emprechtinger and P. Encrenaz and E. Falgarone and A. Fuente and M. Gerin and T. F. Giesen and J. R. Goicoechea and F. Helmich and P. Hennebelle and Th. Henning and E. Herbst and P. Hily-Blant and Å. Hjalmarson and D. Hollenbach and T. Jack and C. Joblin and D. Johnstone and C. Kahane and M. Kama and M. Kaufman and A. Klotz and W. D. Langer and B. Larsson and J. Le Bourlot and B. Lefloch and F. Le Petit and D. Li and R. Liseau and S. D. Lord and A. Lorenzani and S. Maret and P. G. Martin and G. J. Melnick and K. M. Menten and P. Morris and J. A. Murphy and Z. Nagy and B. Nisini and V. Ossenkopf and S. Pacheco and L. Pagani and B. Parise and M. Pérault and R. Plume and S. -L. Qin and E. Roueff and M. Salez and A. Sandqvist and P. Saraceno and S. Schlemmer and K. Schuster and R. Snell and J. Stutzki and A. Tielens and N. Trappe and F. F. S. van der Tak and M. H. D. van der Wiel and E. van Dishoeck and C. Vastel and S. Viti and V. Wakelam and A. Walters and S. Wang and F. Wyrowski and H. W. Yorke and S. Yu and J. Zmuidzinas and Y. Delorme and J. -P. Desbat and R. Güsten and J. -M. Krieg and B. Delforge},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1007.1461},
year = {2016}
}

Comments

Accepted for publication in A&A, HIFI Special Issue; 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table

Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H$_2$Cl$^+$)

Abstract

Keywords

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