English

Hereditary Hsu-Robbins-Erd\"os Law of Large Numbers

Probability 2026-04-30 v2

Abstract

We show that every sequence f1,f2,f_1, f_2, \cdots of real-valued random variables with supnN\E(fn2)<\sup_{n \in \N} \E (f_n^2) < \infty contains a subsequence fk1,fk2,f_{k_1}, f_{k_2}, \cdots converging in \textsc{Ces\`aro} mean to some fL2\,f_\infty \in \mathbb{L}^2 {\it completely,} to wit, NN(1Nn=1Nfknf>\eps)<, \eps>0; \sum_{N \in \N} \, \P \left( \bigg| \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^N f_{k_n} - f_\infty \bigg| > \eps \right)< \infty\,, \quad \forall ~ \eps > 0\,; and {\it hereditarily,} i.e., along all further subsequences as well. We also identify a condition, slightly weaker than boundedness in L2, \mathbb{L}^2, which turns out to be not only sufficient for the above hereditary complete convergence in \textsc{Ces\`aro} mean, but necessary as well.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.19484,
  title  = {Hereditary Hsu-Robbins-Erd\"os Law of Large Numbers},
  author = {Istvan Berkes and Ioannis Karatzas and Walter Schachermayer},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.19484},
  year   = {2026}
}