English

HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2026-05-21 v1 Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

Abstract

We report the detection of a long-period companion to the nearby solar-type star HD\,38973 using precision radial-velocity measurements. The radial-velocity data reveal a coherent Keplerian signal with a period of \sim3000~days and moderate eccentricity, yielding a minimum mass in the sub-Jovian regime. We complement the radial-velocity analysis with astrometric constraints from the \emph{Hipparcos--Gaia} Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA). Although no significant proper-motion anomaly is detected for HD\,38973, the absence of an astrometric signal provides an informative upper limit on the companion mass. By combining the radial-velocity posterior with the HGCA likelihood, we rule out high-mass solutions at low inclinations and derive a robust upper bound on the true companion mass. We find the best-fitting true mass to be 0.2400.040+0.102MJup0.240_{-0.040}^{+0.102}\,M_{\rm Jup}, on an orbit with period 2733190+2102733^{+210}_{-190} days, making HD\,38973b a likely cold Saturn. This study highlights the diagnostic power of astrometric non-detections when combined with precision radial velocities, demonstrating that meaningful constraints on companion masses can be obtained even in the absence of a detected astrometric signal.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.21306,
  title  = {HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star},
  author = {Adriana Errico and Robert A. Wittenmyer and Jonathan Horner and Brad Carter and Alexander Wallace},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.21306},
  year   = {2026}
}